Forde on how Luther upset the medieval (and general philosophical) assumption of works righteousness on its head: Aristotle sets forth commonsense human wisdom about good works. What he says certainly seems meet, right, and salutary. We learn to play the piano only by practicing, we learn a skill only by doing. This is the wisdom by which the world runs. It is what lawmakers try to inculcate. But not here. The righteousness before God comes only by hearing and believing. God makes us who we are (thesis 28!). Such righteousness can only appear absolutely shocking compared to the wisdom of an Aristotle. Gerhard O. Forde, On Being a Theologian of the Cross: Reflections on Luther’s Heidelberg Disputation